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Technology: Will AI cars prevail?

on July 16, 2026 Technology

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The Basics of Navier-Stokes Equations

on April 17, 2023

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JAHAAN KANSARA (L6)

Physics

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The History of ʿIlm al-Kalām

OMAR MURSALIN (Y11) This article placed 1st in the WBGS Fuller Research Prize Competition 2022. In the early generations of Islam after the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ’s death, Muslims relied on the teachings of the Prophet ﷺ, and their faith was not fortified. The Prophet ﷺ had warned his followers not to delve too deeply into questions about fate and destiny, and his advice gave the earlier scholars of Islam hesitance to tread the waters of theology. ʿIlm al-Kalām or Kalām, is the science of rational theology in Islam. It developed in the first 300 years of Islam due to the translation of Greek books on philosophy and logic by Khālid ibn Yazīd, then later commissioned by Caliph Al-Ma'mun. The purpose of Ilm al-Kalām is to break down the arguments of philosophical doubters of Islam and silence them through a rational basis. The Arabic term “Kalām (كلام)” means speech: There are many explanations for why this discipline was originally called so; one is that one of the biggest controversie...

The Chomsky Hierarchy and Automata in Computer Science

This article placed third in the inaugural Fuller Research Prize competition 2021 HAMISH STARLING Even the least technical among us are familiar with programming languages in a loose sense: purposefully invented syntaxes constructed from keywords, symbols and identifiers used to tell a computer what to do. These confections power our modern world. From the operating system on which you are reading this article to the aeroplane which just passed overhead, most things are now controlled by code. So to fully comprehend the scope, characteristics and limitations of computers, it was realised in the 1950s that understanding the computational structures behind language was critical. In this piece I’ll discuss the Chomsky Hierarchy, a mathematical classification of languages into 4 types - regular, context-free, context-sensitive and recursively enumerable - explaining what each means. We’ll also discuss why this concept is relevant in the real world and how it links to “Automata”. Lang...

Complexity for complexity’s sake? The Ars subtilior repertory

MR B. F. EASTLEY, MATHEMATICS TEACHER This essay provides a brief overview of a fascinating period of musical development during the latter half of the fourteenth century, during which some of the most sophisticated music ever written was composed and performed. The ‘Ars subtilior’ or ‘subtler art’ (a 20th century musicologist’s title) is a repertory of several hundred songs by French, Italian, Flemish, and Spanish musicians. This music is quite distinct from other contemporary compositions due to its dazzling complexity in all aspects – particularly rhythmic – but also harmonic, textual, and sometimes visual.

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Technology: Will AI cars prevail?

The Basics of Navier-Stokes Equations

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